Human beings differ from each other in their natures, motivations, activities, professions, aspirations, and
sanskārs
(tendencies carrying forward from past lives). Shree Krishna brings Arjun to the understanding that sacrifices can take on hundreds of forms, but when they are dedicated to God, they become means of purification of the mind and senses and elevation of the soul. In this verse, he mentions three such
yajñas
that can be performed.
Dravya yajña.
There are those who are inclined toward earning wealth and donating it in charity toward a divine cause. Although they may engage in large and complicated business endeavors, yet their inner motivation remains to serve God with the wealth they earn. In this manner, they offer their propensity for earning money as sacrifice to God in devotion. John Wesley, the British preacher and founder of the Methodist Church would instruct his followers “Make all you can. Save all you can. Give all you can.”
Yog yajña.
In Indian philosophy the Yog Darśhan is one of the six philosophical treatises written by six learned sages. Jaimini wrote “Mīmānsā Darśhan,” Ved Vyas wrote “Vedānt Darśhan,” Gautam wrote “Nyāya Darśhan,” Kanad wrote “Vaiśheṣhik Darśhan,” Kapil wrote “Sānkhya Darśhan,” and Patañjali wrote “Yog Darśhan.” The Patañjali Yog Darśhan describes an eight-fold path, called
aṣhṭāṅg yog
, for spiritual advancement, starting with physical techniques and ending in conquest of the mind. Some people find this path attractive and practice it as sacrifice. However, Patañjali Yog Darśhan clearly states
samādhisiddhirīśhvara praṇidhānāt
(2.45)[v24]
“To attain perfection in Yog, you must surrender to God.” So when persons inclined toward
aṣhṭang yog
learn to love God, they offer their yogic practice as
yajña
in the fire of devotion. An example of this is the yogic system “Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog,” where the physical postures of
aṣhṭaṅg yog
are practiced as
yajña
to God, along with the chanting of his divine names. Such a combination of yogic postures along with devotion results in the physical, mental, and spiritual purification of the practitioner.
Jñāna yajña
. Some persons are inclined toward the cultivation of knowledge. This propensity finds its perfect employment in the study of scriptures for enhancing one’s understanding and love for God.
sā vidyā tanmatiryayā
(Bhāgavatam 4.29.49)[v25] “True knowledge is that which increases our devotion to God.” Thus, studiously inclined
sādhaks
engage in the sacrifice of knowledge, which when imbued with the spirit of devotion, leads to loving union with God.